真理的時刻	第十六課
	地獄真的存在嗎？
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再一次的歡迎大家來研讀上帝的話語！我們來禱告：

我們的天父， 謝謝您給我們無盡的恩慈。 今天，我們再一次來到您的面前，祈求您引領我們明白另一個備受關注的主題：地獄。我們知道您的話語會在這個主題上給我們充分的解答。 這也是我們祈求您讓聖靈引領我們行在真理當中的原因。禱告奉耶穌基督的聖名， 阿們。

	真理的時刻	第十六課
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詩篇第七十三篇：12，16，17節	短評
看哪，這就是惡人，他們既是常享安逸，財寶便加增。 (...) 我思索怎能明白這事，眼看實係為難。等我進了上帝的聖所，思想他們的結局。	惡人的結局... 是在地獄的火裏永遠燃燒嗎？還是全然毀滅呢？ 我們讓聖經來回答這些問題。 〈我們強烈的建議您在研讀本課之前再讀一次前兩課─ 《身，魂，靈》 還有 《人死之後...》〉

	真理的時刻	第十六課
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以西結書第十八章：32節	短評
主耶和華說，我不喜悅那死人之死， 所以你們當回頭而存活！	要清楚確立的第一點：上帝是愛。 祂不喜悅看到許多人選擇拒絕祂救贖的計畫，並因此而受到最後的懲罰。 祂甚願邀請我們接受耶穌為我們的救主。
提摩太前書第二章：3，4節
這是好的，在上帝我們救主面前可蒙悅納。祂願意萬人得救，明白真道。

	真理的時刻	第十六課
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羅馬書第二章：4-6節	短評
還是你藐視祂豐富的恩慈，寬容，忍耐，不曉得祂的恩慈是領你悔改呢？ 你竟任著你剛硬不悔改的心，為自己積蓄忿怒，以致上帝震怒，顯祂公義審判的日子來到。祂必照各人的行為報應各人。	上帝是愛，但祂同時也是公義的。 如果我們拒絕祂在耶穌基督裏的救贖計畫，祂唯一的選擇就是讓我們承受自己決定的結果，並在罪中死亡。

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馬太福音第十三章：40-42節	短評
【耶穌說，】 《世界的末了，也要如此。人子要差遣使者，把一切叫人跌倒的，和作惡的，從他國裏挑出來，丟在火爐裏，在那裏必要哀哭切齒了。》	在我們討論死亡的前一課中，我們得知沒有人會在死後立即上天堂或下地獄。 死去的人進入睡眠狀態，毫無知覺，靜待他們復活之日的來臨。 所以，對於惡者的懲罰也只會在世界的末了才發生。

	真理的時刻	第十六課
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馬太福音第十三章：49，50節	短評
世界的末了，也要這樣。天使要出來，從義人中，把惡人分別出來。丟在火爐裏，在那裏必要哀哭切齒了。	甚麼時候會對惡人施行審判呢？ 上帝的話很直接的回答了這個問題：在世界的末了，審判日來臨時。
彼得後書第二章：9節
主知道搭救敬虔的人脫離試探，把不義的人留在刑罰之下，等候審判的日子。

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啟示錄第二十章：9節    啟示錄第二十一章：1節	短評
他們上來遍滿了全地，圍住聖徒的營，與蒙愛的城，就有火從天降下，燒滅了他們。 (...) 我又看見一個新天新地。因為先前的天地已經過去了，海也不再有了。	聖經說，作惡的會在此地上被懲罰，會有火從天降下，燒滅全地。 因此，新的地將成為上帝子民的居所。

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2 Peter 3:7	短評
But the heavens and the earth, which are now, by the same word are kept in store, reserved to fire against the day of judgment and perdition of ungodly men.	Therefore, the wicked will be punished on earth, at the end of the world. Having said this, what, then, will be the lot of the wicked? For a long time, it has been taught that the wicked would suffer forever in the fire of hell... Does the Word of God agree with that teaching?

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Romans 8:11	短評
He that raised up Christ from the dead shall also quicken your mortal bodies by His Spirit that dwells in you.	First, let us note this essential point: man is a mortal being (please review the lesson «Body, Soul, and Spirit» for more details). No man has immortality in himself. Thus, we can already note an anomaly in the teaching of eternal sufferings: indeed, to suffer eternally, man would have to be immortal, and that is not the case.

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1 Corinthians 15:53	短評
For this corruptible must put on incorruption, and this mortal must put on immortality.	Therefore, to live forever, man must receive immortality which can only be given by God. Now, the question we have to ask is: Will God also grant eternal life to the wicked, so that they may suffer forever in the fire of hell?
1 Timothy 6:15,16
(...) the King of kings and Lord of lords, who only has immortality.

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Romans 2:6,7	短評
[God] will render to every man according to his deeds: to them who by patient continuance in well doing seek for glory and honor and immortality, eternal life.	The Bible answers in a very clear way: eternal life is reserved for the righteous. Only the people of God will receive immortality at the second coming of Jesus Christ. As for the wicked, they will keep their mortal nature: thus, they won’t live forever. Many other verses of the Bible confirm this fact, as we will see...

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Immortality will be given only to those who will be saved:

«For the wages of sin is death; but the gift of God is eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.» (Romans 6:23) «Our Savior Jesus Christ has abolished death, and has brought life and immortality to light through the gospel.» (2 Timothy 1:10) «No murderer has eternal life abiding in him.» (1 John 3:15) «He that does the will of God stays for ever.» (1 John 2:17) «He that overcomes shall not be hurt of the second death.» (Revelation 2:11) «God has given to us eternal life, and this life is in His Son. He that has the Son has life; and he that has not the Son of God has not life.» (1 John 5:11,12)

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Malachi 4:1,3	短評
«For, behold, the day comes, that shall burn as an oven; and all the proud, yes, and all that do wickedly, shall be stubble. And the day that comes shall burn them up,» said the Lord of hosts, «that it shall leave them neither root nor branch. (...) And you shall tread down the wicked; for they shall be ashes under the soles of your feet in the day that I shall do this.»	Since the wicked won’t have eternal life, they won’t burn forever. This conclusion is confirmed by the Bible which teaches that the final lot of the wicked will be total destruction.

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Obadiah verse 16	短評
All the heathen (...) shall be as though they had not been.	The Bible teaches that the wicked will be «destroyed», «devoured», «consumed», «as though they had not been», «ashes under the soles of your feet», and many other words expressing a complete destruction at the end of times. The wages of sin is death, not eternal torture in hell.
Psalm 92:7
When the wicked spring as the grass, and when all the workers of iniquity do flourish; it is that they shall be destroyed for ever.

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The Bible teaches that the wicked will be destroyed at the end of times:

«You have destroyed the wicked, You have put out their name for ever and ever. O you enemy, destructions are come to a perpetual end! And You have destroyed cities; their memorial is perished with them.» (Psalm 9:5,6) «[God] shall bring on them their own iniquity, and shall cut them off in their own wickedness.» (Psalm 94:23) «For there shall be no reward to the evil man; the candle of the wicked shall be put out.» (Proverbs 24:20) «You shall seek them, and shall not find them, even them that contended with you: they that war against you shall be as nothing, and as a thing of nothing.» (Isaiah 41:12) «Behold, the day of the Lord comes, cruel both with wrath and fierce anger, to lay the land desolate: and He shall destroy the sinners thereof out of it.» (Isaiah 13:9) «They shall be devoured as stubble fully dry.» (Nahum 1:10)

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Matthew 25:46

短評

And these shall go away into everlasting punishment: but the righteous into life eternal.

Now, let us see some verses often presented by those teaching that the wicked will be tormented throughout eternity in the fire of hell. First of all they say that the expression «everlasting punishment» means «everlasting torment». Yet, etymologically, «punished» means «cut off», «removed». The sinner will be definitively cut off from life. The punishment will therefore be eternal in its effect, since the sinner will never live again.

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Isaiah 11:4	短評
But with righteousness shall He judge the poor, and reprove with equity for the meek of the earth. And He shall smite the earth: with the rod of His mouth, and with the breath of His lips shall He slay the wicked.	The «everlasting punishment» is therefore the everlasting death of the wicked, whom God «shall slay», without any possible return to life.

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Hebrews 6:1,2	短評
Let us go on to perfection; not laying again the foundation (...) of resurrection of the dead, and of eternal judgment.	Likewise, the «eternal judgment» should not be interpreted as an eternal torment. The Bible is clear: God’s anger is «but for a moment». Let us think about it: how could a God of love and justice inflict eternal sufferings on someone whose rebellion has lasted only a man’s lifetime? The Bible clearly rejects this heresy.
Psalm 30:5 (NKJV)
For His anger is but for a moment, His favor is for life.

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Luke 12:47,48	短評
And that servant, which knew his Lord’s will, and prepared not himself, neither did according to His will, shall be beaten with many stripes. But he that knew not, and did commit things worthy of stripes, shall be beaten with few stripes.	The Word of God does not indicate how long will be the punishment of the wicked, before their final destruction. However, it is clearly stated that they will be punished according to their deeds, the greatest sinners receiving a more severe punishment than the others.

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Matthew 25:41	短評
Then shall [the King] say also to them on the left hand, «Depart from Me, you cursed, into everlasting fire, prepared for the devil and his angels.»	Another expression wrongly interpreted: the «everlasting fire». Yet, God’s Word clearly explains the true meaning of this expression. Let us see the next verses...

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Genesis 19:24,25	短評
Then the Lord rained on Sodom and on Gomorrah brimstone and fire from the Lord out of heaven. And He overthrew those cities, and all the plain, and all the inhabitants of the cities, and that which grew on the ground.	The «eternal fire» destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah. Yet, this fire went out long ago! This was «set forth for an example», yes, but for whom?
Jude verse 7
Sodom and Gomorrah (...) are set forth for an example, suffering the vengeance of eternal fire.

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2 Peter 2:6	短評
And turning the cities of Sodom and Gomorrha into ashes [God] condemned them with an overthrow, making them an ensample to those that after should live ungodly.	The punishment of Sodom and Gomorrah shows the wicked’s punishment at the end of time, that is, complete destruction. The wicked will perish in a fire which will go out only after its work of complete destruction.
Proverbs 26:20
Where no wood is, there the fire goes out.

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Luke 16:19-24

短評

There was a certain rich man, which was clothed in purple and fine linen, and fared sumptuously every day. And there was a certain beggar named Lazarus, which was laid at his gate, full of sores. (...) And it came to pass, that the beggar died, and was carried by the angels into Abraham’s bosom: the rich man also died, and was buried. And in hell he lift up his eyes, being in torments, and sees Abraham afar off, and Lazarus in his bosom. And he cried and said, «Father Abraham, have mercy on me! (...) For I am tormented in this flame.»

The parable of Lazarus and the evil rich man is also presented to prove that the wicked go to hell immediately after their death. However, we have already seen that a parable must not always be interpreted literally; otherwise, we should also believe that trees speak, according to the parable in Judges 9:8-15. Please review the lesson «After Death...» for more details about this.

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Revelation 20:10

短評

And the devil that deceived [the nations] was cast into the lake of fire and brimstone, where the beast and the false prophet are, and shall be tormented day and night for ever and ever.

The Greek words «eis aionas aionon» (literally, «unto ages of ages»), and the Hebrew equivalent «al yolam» (generally translated as «for ever») do not mean that the wicked will suffer eternally, just as the eternal fire that destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah is no longer burning today. Now, let’s see other verses using the expression «for ever and ever» which will show us the real meaning of these words.

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Isaiah 34:6,9,10	短評
For the Lord has a sacrifice in Bozrah, and a great slaughter in the land of Idumea. (...) And the land thereof shall become burning pitch. It shall not be quenched night nor day; the smoke thereof shall go up for ever. From generation to generation it shall lie waste; none shall pass through it for ever and ever.	So the expressions «the smoke thereof shall go up for ever», «for ever and ever», simply mean a complete destruction, the cities being «perpetual wastes».
Jeremiah 49:13
Bozrah shall become a desolation, a reproach, a waste, and a curse; and all the cities thereof shall be perpetual wastes.

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1 Samuel 1:22,28	短評
I will not go up until the child be weaned, and then I will bring him, that he may appear before the Lord, and there abide for ever. (...) As long as he lives he shall be lent to the Lord.	Likewise, the expression «for ever» does not mean «eternally», but rather «a lifetime». Indeed, the slave could serve his master «for ever», that is, all his life here below, but certainly not eternally.
Exodus 21:6
His master shall bore his ear through with an awl; and [the servant] shall serve him for ever.

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Psalm 83:17	短評
Let [Your enemies] be confounded and troubled for ever; yes, let them be put to shame, and perish.	Thus, the wicked will be troubled «for ever», that is to say for the time they have left to live, before perishing in a total destruction.

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Matthew 25:41	短評
Depart from Me, you cursed, into everlasting fire, prepared for the devil and his angels.	Will Satan be destroyed too? Some people teach that, since Satan is an angel, God won’t be able to destroy him. Yet, the Bible teaches us exactly the contrary. Satan will be destroyed at the end of times. Let us see some verses from the Scriptures confirming this point.
Revelation 20:10
And the devil that deceived [the nations] was cast into the lake of fire and brimstone.

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Ezekiel 28:17-19

短評

Your heart was lifted up because of your beauty, you have corrupted your wisdom by reason of your brightness. (...) Therefore will I bring forth a fire from the middle of you, it shall devour you, and I will bring you to ashes on the earth in the sight of all them that behold you. All they that know you among the people shall be astonished at you: you shall be a terror, and never shall you be any more.

In our lesson «Why Does Evil Exist?», we have seen this prophecy of Ezekiel showing how Satan came to rebel against God. The same prophecy also announces the near destruction of Satan.

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Just like the wicked, Satan will be destroyed at the end of times:

«In that day the Lord with His sore and great and strong sword shall punish Leviathan the piercing serpent, even Leviathan that crooked serpent; and He shall slay the dragon that is in the sea.» (Isaiah 27:1) [Note: In the previous verse, «Leviathan the serpent» and «the dragon» both designate Satan: «The great dragon was cast out, that old serpent, called the Devil, and Satan, which deceives the whole world.» (Revelation 12:9)] «(...) that through death [Jesus] might destroy him who had the power of death, that is, the devil.» (Hebrews 2:14) «The God of peace shall bruise Satan under your feet shortly.» (Romans 16:20)

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Revelation 20:14	短評
And death and hell were cast into the lake of fire. This is the second death.	The lake of fire is the second death, not eternal torment in hell. And after the annihilation of all evil, death itself will be destroyed.
Isaiah 25:8
[The Lord] will swallow up death in victory.
1 Corinthians 15:26
The last enemy that shall be destroyed is death.

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Revelation 21:4,5	短評
There shall be no more death, neither sorrow, nor crying, neither shall there be any more pain: for the former things are passed away. And He that sat on the throne said, «Behold, I make all things new.»	The happiness of God’s people will not be disturbed by the wicked’s cries of suffering, for they will have been destroyed, just like the former things.
Nahum 1:9
What do you imagine against the Lord? He will make an utter end. Affliction shall not rise up the second time.

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Romans 3:7	短評
If the truth of God has more abounded through my lie to His glory, why yet am I also judged as a sinner?	Let’s conclude our lesson with this point. Some may believe that the doctrine of eternal suffering, true or not, will frighten the sinner and bring him to repentance. However God disapproves of such a thought. He wants us to follow Him out of love, not out of fear.
1 John 4:18
There is no fear in love; but perfect love casts out fear: because fear has torment. He that fears is not made perfect in love.

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Let us pray together:

O Lord, We thank You for having shown us that You are not a cruel God planning eternal sufferings for the wicked. On the contrary, You are a God of love, respecting everyone’s choice to follow You or not, destroying the wicked at the end of time because You know that they would not be happy living in a World from which all evil is banished. We also thank You for this wonderful hope You give us, by announcing that You will soon establish Your everlasting kingdom, and then make all things new. In the precious name of Jesus Christ we pray. Amen.

第十六課的測驗正等著你呢！ (目前只有 英文 和 法文 版的測驗)

這一課插圖的來源

Screen 1: Picture from the Web site: www.geo.mtu.edu/volcanoes/hazards/primer Screen 2: «La Pure Vérité» magazine (Unknown date), Worldwide Church of God, front cover. Screen 3: LEASON, Percy. In: «Votre Bible et Vous» (MAXWELL, Arthur S.), p.95. Used by permission. Copyright ©1959, 1987 by Review and Herald® Publishing Association, USA. All Rights Reserved. Screen 4: VAN DER WEYDEN, Rogier. «Saint Michael» from «The Last Judgment» (1445-48), Musée de l’Hôtel-Dieu, Beaune, France. In: «Revelation - Art of the Apocalypse» (GRUBB, Nancy), Abeville Press Publishers, 1997, p.85. Screen 5: In: «Angels: An Endangered Species» (GODWIN, Malcolm), Simon and Schuster, New York, 1990, p.148. Screen 6: MEMLING, Hans. «Casting the Damned into Hell» from «The Last Judgment» (1467-71), Pomorskie Museum, Gdansk, Poland. In: «Revelation - Art of the Apocalypse» (GRUBB, Nancy), Abeville Press Publishers, 1997, p.114. Screen 7: BAERG, Harry. In: «Signs of the Times» magazine (December 1999), Pacific Press Publishing Association, p.10. Screen 8: Photo from Viewfinder Colour Photo Library, Bristol. In: «Revelation» (LORIE, Peter), Simon & Schuster, Labyrinth Publishing Ltd, 1994, p.38,39. Screen 9: Photo from the Web site: http://leopardi.com/genealogy/grave_of_howard_emerson_and_eliz.htm Screen 10: HARLAN, Russell. In: «Uncle Arthur’s Bedtime Stories, volume 5» (MAXWELL, Arthur S.), Review and Herald Publishing Association and Pacific Press Publishing Association, 1976, p.92,93. Screen 11: ZINGARO, Charles. In: «The Bible Story, volume 5» (MAXWELL, Arthur S.), p.152. Used by permission. Copyright ©1955, 1983 by Review and Herald® Publishing Association, USA. All Rights Reserved. Screen 12: BISHOP, Tom. «The New Earth». In: «New Pictoral Aid For Bible Study» (BREADEN, Frank), Australian Division of Seventh-Day Adventists, 1970, chart #12. Screen 13: MARTIN, John. «The Great Day of His Wrath» (1851-53), Tate Gallery, London. In: «Revelation - Art of the Apocalypse» (GRUBB, Nancy), Abeville Press Publishers, 1997, p.96. Screen 14: Robert Harding Picture Library. In: «The Illustrated Guide to the Bible» (PORTER, Joshua Roy), Oxford University Press, 1995, p.72. Screen 15: Photo by RADOVAN, Zev. In: «Bible Then and Now» (ROBERTS, Jenny), MacMillan, 1996, p.93. Screen 16: RUBENS, Peter Paul. «The Defeat of Sennacherib», Pinakothek, Munich. In: «Great Bible Stories and Master Paintings» (RACHLEFF, Owen S.), New York, Abradale Press Publishers, p.212. Table of Screen 16: HEASLIP, William. In: «The Bible Story, volume 10» (MAXWELL, Arthur S.), p.204. Used by permission. Copyright ©1957, 1985 by Review and Herald® Publishing Association, USA. All Rights Reserved. Screen 17: Picture from the Web site: http://192.204.74.15/studpage/bill/belief.htm Screen 18: MANISCALCO, Joe. In: «Images from the Bible and Sacred History CD», Chosen Works, MLI Software, JM228.BMP. Screen 19: Justinen Creative Group. In: «Signs of the Times» magazine (May 2000), Pacific Press Publishing Association, p.21. Picture edited by Cyberspace Ministry. Screen 20: VON CORNELIUS, Peter. «The Last Judgment» (1845), Ludwigskirche, Munich. In: «Revelation - Art of the Apocalypse» (GRUBB, Nancy), Abeville Press Publishers, 1997, p.93. Screen 21: In: «The Watchtower» magazine (May 1, 1993), Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society, p.10. Screen 22: COLEMAN, Ralph Pallen. In: «The Way, the Truth, and the Life», Philadelphia, The John C. Winston Company, 1958, p.7. Screen 23: «Sodom and Gomorrah: The Cities of the Plain». Picture from the Web site: www.arkdiscovery.com/sodom_&_gomorrah.htm Screen 24: Anonymous Portuguese painter. «Hell» (16th century), Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga, Lisbon, Portugal. In: «Revelation - Art of the Apocalypse» (GRUBB, Nancy), Abeville Press Publishers, 1997, p.119. Screen 25: Picture from the Web site: http://home.hiwaay.net/~scaudle/Animation/AnimationShots.htm Screen 26: Photo from Comstock. In: «Bible Then and Now» (ROBERTS, Jenny), MacMillan, 1996, p.21. Screen 27: In: «The Bible in Pictures for Little Eyes» (TAYLOR, Kenneth N.), Moody Press, Chicago, 1956, p.75. Screen 28: In: «The Watchtower» magazine (June 15, 1993), Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society, p.1. Screen 29: In: «La Révélation - le grand dénouement est proche», New York, Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society, 1988, p.292. Screen 30: In: «Vivez éternellement heureux sur la terre!», Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society, 1982, picture number 44. Screen 31: DORE, Gustave. In: «La Bible de Gustave Doré», Lausanne, Edita, 1994, p.201. Screen 32: Digital Stock Photograph. In: «Signs of the Times» magazine (August 1999), Pacific Press Publishing Association, p.8. Screen 33: In: «The Bible Story, volume 10» (MAXWELL, Arthur S.), p.207. Used by permission. Copyright ©1957, 1985 by Review and Herald® Publishing Association, USA. All Rights Reserved. Screen 34: BLOCH, Carl. «Come unto Me». Landskrona Church; Landskrona, Sweden. Screen 35: In: «Photo Gallery 25,000» by Media Graphics International, CD #2, AC074.JPG.

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第十六課的測驗正等著你呢！ (目前只有 英文 和 法文 版的測驗)